Is Your Body Clear :: essays research papers

 ¡Ã‚ §Is Your Body Clear? ¡Ã‚ ¨   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We, as Americans, are immersed in a society of products for sale. With so many items available how do manufacturers entice us to purchase their product over another one? They do this through advertising, or a way of promoting and marketing merchandise. Advertising is a very large industry, and many people spend their entire lives developing advertisements that the average consumer will see, and hopefully will believe. An advertisement is an example of a rhetorical situation. In this rhetorical situation, the advertisers use the concepts of logos, pathos, and ethos to draw the audience in and get their message across to the individual reader. They want the consumers to trust and believe them. Most of all, they want them to buy whatever they have to sell. Companies must rely on advertising a great deal, especially when a new product becomes available. It is crucial that their audience learns of the product and realizes the benefits of the new invention. Companies that already have other products for sale have a better chance of obtaining the consumers interest, especially if the company has a good reputation. One such company is Neutrogena. They have numerous products for sale for the face, hair, and body. One of their newest products is called Body Clear„ § Body Wash. I found this particular ad in a magazine strategically placed toward the front between two different articles. This magazine, YM, is typically intended for young females between the ages of 13 to 19. The target audience for the body wash would therefore have to be intended for these teenage girls. Before we can examine the ethos, pathos, and logos of the ad, we must visualize it. The center of the page has a large picture of the body wash with bubbles dripping over the side and the word NEW printed in black letters across the top of the bottle. Standing next to the bottle of wash in just a towel is the famous Neutrogena girl, Jennifer Love Hewitt. At the top of the page in big, bold, red letters appear the words,  ¡Ã‚ §Clear skin from head to toe. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Underneath this slogan is the caption that introduces the new body wash,  ¡Ã‚ §Neutrogena„ ¥ Body Clear„ § Body Wash treats, even prevents body breakouts. ¡Ã‚ ¨ To the side of the oversized bottle of wash are three bullets, and although very small are still very important. They tell us that the body wash contains an acne fighting ingredient which  ¡Ã‚ §dermatologists recommend.

Getting Enough Sleep Essay -- Research Sleeping Health Essays

Getting Enough Sleep Did you know that sleep is one of the most vital necessities of life? Laboratory animals die when they are deprived of sleep, and likewise, humans would too (Johnson 5). Many people don’t realize how important sleep is. The man who attempts to do 15 hours of work, in only 7 hours is only hurting himself. This man who stays up late trying to finish his work, believes that he is working hard, and therefore will be able to sleep hard for a little while. This is definitely not the case as he will feel less and less refreshed each morning and will feel more and more tired each day. What the public needs, is to be informed about good sleeping habits and sleeping disorders that go unnoticed. We should wake up to the importance of sleep and how the amount sleep not only affects themselves, but also society. In 1959, The American Cancer society surveyed more than 1 million Americans about their sleeping habits. Conclusions drawn from the study showed that people who got less than 7-8 hours of sleep on average per night, had a higher mortality rate. A six year follow-up was done to the people surveyed. The results showed that men 30 years old or older that got 4 hours of sleep a night had more than double the risk of dying than men who averaged 7-8 hours. The risk was only about 1.5 times higher for women. Similar results were found in a different study of 4,713 people. Those getting 6 hours of sleep or less had a 30% higher death rate (Pressman 29). Although we can see what happens when people don’t get enough sleep, scientists are still unable to explain the function of sleep. The amount of sleep not only affects your mortality but also your personality. Some people are by nature long sleepers, and some a... ...nts with insomnia can benefit from restructuring their bedtime habits and sleep-wake cycles. With 7-8 hours of sleep per night, there will be many less problems with sleep disorders, accidents in cars and planes, and other health concerns. Shakespeare once commented on sleep as, "the great restorer." We need to understand the function and importance of sleep and relate this to improving our health and our bodies. In order for our country to continue to be a world leader, the people of the United States should not have to deal with fatigue and should have an optimal level of alertness and performance. Works Cited Johnson, Laverne, and Paul Naitoh. The Operational Consequences of Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Deficit. San Diego: AGARD, 1974. Pressman, Mark R., and William C. Orr. Understanding Sleep. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1997.

The Individual, Marriage, and the Family

Instructor: Mrs. Joy Jacobs, CFCS, MAEd (â€Å"Mrs. J. †) E-mail address: [email  protected] edu Please always use â€Å"HDFS 145†³ on the subject line when you e-mail. Office hours: Mrs. J. will be in the classroom one half hour before and will stay after class until all students are gone, or you may make an appointment with her. Go to this website: https://ntweb11. ais. msu. edu/aas/ Because of advising responsibilities, she is not available for walk-in appointments and she cannot take phone calls from students. She HATES playing â€Å"phone tag†, so please do not try to leave phone messages in her office!Undergraduate Learning Assistants who will be helping with this class: Abbey Feldpausch [email  protected] edu Keeps track of students whose last names begin with A through K Carly Lesoski [email  protected] edu Keeps track of students whose last names begin with L through Z Office hours: Tuesdays from 4:30 to 6:30 PM in the Student Lounge, Room 4 Human E cology Two Required Texts (bundled together if purchasing new): The Marriage and Family Experience (11th edition) by Bryan Strong, Christine DeVault, & Ted Cohen, Cengage Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Publishers (Do NOT let a book store employee tell you that the 10th edition is OK.The reading assignments will not make sense if you have the 10th edition. ) and FCE 145 Additional Readings supplemental text Custom Editor Steve Korb, Cengage Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, Publishers The study guide to the Strong & DeVault text is not recommended nor required, This class uses the ANGEL class management program. The syllabus, handouts, and some announcements will be posted on ANGEL, although some times you may will be contacted directly via e-mail. If you forward your MSU mail to another e-mail service, be certain that the transfer is working.You are responsible for knowing the content posted on ANGEL and e-mailed to your MSU e-mail address. Course Description: â€Å"The Individual, Marriage , and the Family† is one of several undergraduate courses offered in the area of family life by the Department of Human Development and Family Studies. In this class we use a developmental approach, presenting individual, marriage, and family life cycles with special emphasis on the late adolescent and early adult years. This is a survey course over topics regarding maturation, intimate relationships, and families.Issues to be covered include the development of the person, of relationships, and of families; issues of gender, sexuality, child development, and parenting; methods of communication; work and family interface; and developing family strengths. An emphasis is placed on understanding diverse family types. You will be expected to learn basic concepts related to families, to understand specific developmental issues of both individuals and families, and to gain a level of tolerance for different perspectives. You will be provided opportunities to explore your personal val ues.In addition, specific methods will be taught that you may use to enhance your own personal relationships. Course Format: This course will use a variety of teaching techniques including lecture, discussion, videotape, and in-class individual and group assignments which will play a role in challenging you to develop different ways of thinking about various issues and to appreciate the opinions of your classmates. If you want to do well in this class, you will read the assignments, and ESPECIALLY, you will attend class.This class is a collaborative process and necessitates a commitment from all of us to properly prepare for each class session. There are many important topics in the areas of marriage and the family, however, there is not sufficient time to include all of them. Subject matter and activities are selected in an effort to be meaningful to people of college age, and to enhance their personal development. Course Objectives: 1. To gain both historic perspective and an accu rate contemporary outlook of the demographic, political, social, and economic status of individuals and families. 2.To examine personal and societal attitudes, assumptions, and values about intimate relationships and families. 3. To examine the range of lifestyle options available to young adults. Special attention will be given to intimate relationships and to the social forces of the young adult period of life. 4. To appreciate the diversity of ethnicity, gender, religion, and social class which is represented in our society, and to gain an accurate perspective of the challenges and strengths of diverse people. 5. To examine key family issues such as communication, parenting, and the balance of work and family. -26.To develop an accurate understanding of the problems/challenges that some families confront, including but not limited to relationship violence, infertility, divorce, single parenting and child custody. 7. To gain an appreciation for and an understanding of intimate rel ationships over the entire life cycle. 8. To gain interpersonal skills working with others involving discussion, compromise, and evaluation. Attendance: It will be to your advantage to attend all class sessions, to be on time, and to remain in class for the entire session to learn from the lectures and to have the opportunity to do and to receive credit for the assignments.Absences for illness, for family emergencies, or for religious observances may be excused, but you must e-mail Mrs. J. BEFORE THE START TIME (8:30 AM) of the class you are going to miss. (See â€Å"Make-Up Policies† on page 3. ) Absence from class because of participation in a required activity for another course or for a University event (a field trip, an intercollegiate athletic contest, etc. ), will be excused, but you must provide written information in advance from the athletic advisor, the instructor of the other course, or from a University administrator.You must make arrangements with another studen t to look over his/her lecture notes when you miss class. Student Behavior: Your conduct in class must be quiet, attentive, and respectful toward your fellow students and the instructor. Reading the paper, working crossword puzzles, playing games on your laptop, talking to class mates, sleeping, or using a cell phone or PDA during class is rude and unprofessional, and you may be asked to leave if you are engaging in any of these behaviors. No credit would be given to you for an in-class activity if one is offered during that particular class session. ) If you are expecting an important cell phone call, please set your phone to vibrate, and leave the classroom to take care of your call. Academic Honesty: The Department of Human Development and Family Studies adheres to the policies on academic honesty as specified in the All-University Policy on Integrity of Scholarships and Grades at http://www. reg. msu. edu/read/UCC/Updated/integrityofgrades. pdf We expect students to behave ethic ally, and will not tolerate dishonesty.For example, a student who would photocopy another student’s make-up assignment paper or cheat on an examination would receive no credit for the assignment or exam which will be counted as one of the scores used in figuring the student’s final grade, and notification will be made to the student’s College Dean. A student who commits a second offense will receive a grade of 0. 0 for the course. Selling or Buying Class Notes: Lectures and supporting materials distributed or exhibited in this course include intellectual property protected by copyright law.It is against University policy for any student to sell or profit from the transmission or reproduction of these materials (whether directly to other students, by contract with third parties, or through commercial note-taking services) without the express written permission of the instructor. The relevant MSU policy about attendance and class notes is found at http://www. reg. msu. edu/read/UCC/Updated/attendance. pdf Students who provide class materials to anyone for profit are subject to removal from class, pending a hearing by the Department of Human Development and Family Studies.Accommodations for Disabilities: If you have a disability (dyslexia, ADD, hearing difficulty, sight limitation, etc. ) and expect preferential treatment, you must register with the Resource Center for Persons with Disabilities and submit to Mrs. J. the official â€Å"VISA† with a counselor’s suggestions for reasonable accommodations. For an appointment with RCPD, call 353-9642 (voice) or 355-1293 (TTY). We work closely with the counselors to do whatever we can to help RCPD students succeed. Evaluation for Grades: Syllabus Quiz: Posted on ANGEL is a quiz which we will discuss during the first class session.Your syllabus quiz scantron is due in class any time before, but not later than, 8:30 AM Tuesday, September 18. Examinations: Questions are about 50% from lec tures and 50% from text and ANGEL information. We ask that you be in the classroom by 8:45 AM on exam days to have enough time to finish the exams. There will be one exam over each quarter of the course and an optional comprehensive final. If you take all five exams, only your four highest exam scores will be used when we figure final grades. Exams are computer scored, and results are sent directly to you from the computer scoring center.Activities/Assignments: During six class sessions (unannounced), we will do assignments which will enhance learning. You may be asked to write a â€Å"five-minute paper† expressing your opinion about a current event, to work with another student to debate a topic and list your combined conclusions, or to answer questions and provide an ending to a case study. You will print your last name and PID on the upper right-hand corner of your activity paper. A point will be deducted from your score if your last name and PID are not in the upper right -hand corner of your paper.We must have both a paper with -3your last name and PID and a completed scantron with your name and PID â€Å"bubbled in† for you to receive credit for an assignment. If we do not have both, you do not receive credit. For each activity, you may earn up to fifteen points. (You would receive fewer points if instructions are not followed completely or if your response is insufficient. ) Some activities will be based on personal opinion, however, your responses should always demonstrate understanding of class concepts. On some activity days, score sheets will be passed out as you enter the classroom.On those days, you must arrive at the classroom by 8:45 AM to receive a 15-point scantron for an activity. Students who arrive between 15 and 30 minutes late will receive no more than half credit. Students arriving more than 30 minutes late will receive no scantron, and no credit for doing the activity, although they may do it if they wish. Our learning assi stants go by the time on the clock on the back wall of our classroom. Please do not argue with them about the time you entered the classroom. If you must leave a class early, let Mrs. J. now before class starts or give your name, e-mail address and reason for leaving to one of the learning assistants as you exit the classroom. If an activity is planned and your excuse is reasonable, you will be sent a make-up assignment. Community Service Assignment: This assignment is not just to volunteer. It is to serve others. To earn full credit, you must work for at least four hours for a program, agency or organization where you can make a difference by your work, and you must write an acceptable reflection paper about the experience.More information on the assignment is on our ANGEL site. If you have an idea for your service but you are concerned about its acceptability for the assignment, please check with Mrs. J. BEFORE you participate in the activity. We strongly suggest that you not put off doing your service, because your schedule will become busier as the semester passes. Examples of service accepted in the past includes running or helping with the MSU Museum Dinosaur Dash or a fund raiser walk for breast cancer, work at an animal shelter, and tutoring elementary students one-on-one.Volunteer activities such as directing traffic for the Homecoming Parade, setting up chairs for a fraternity party, or decorating a church’s Christmas tree are NOT acceptable. MSU’s Center for Service Learning and Civic Engagement is a good place to find a service opportunity. Make-Up Policies: A make-up assignment will be given if you e-mail Mrs. J. BEFORE the 8:30 AM start time of the class you will miss with the reason you will be absent, or if you check out with one of the student assistants to leave class early.If your reason is acceptable, you will be e-mailed a make-up assignment. If you miss a class but do not notify Mrs. J. before the class, you must have medica l documentation or other acceptable proof that you were where you said you were, and you must notify Mrs. J. within two weeks of the missed class. Make-up activities must be turned in by the due date listed on the activity (two weeks from the day missed). Each student will be given one â€Å"free† assignment make-up, if the reason for absence is justifiable. You must notify Mrs.J via e-mail within two weeks of the missed class. If you must miss an exam, send Mrs. J. an e-mail before 8:30 AM on the exam day with your reason for missing. Exceptions may be made if you are not able to notify her. Exams are made up during the learning assistants’ office hours and should be done within two weeks of the missed exam day. Receiving Your Scores: You will receive your exam scores via e-mail from the Computer Scoring Center within 24-48 hours. Assignments are hand-graded, so you will not receive those scores as quickly. Please allow a week. ) The e-mail you receive from the Comput er Center will say that the sender is Mrs. J. This score report will show the number of points earned for a particular assignment or exam, and also, at the very bottom, will show your cumulative points. After each exam, print and save the report you receive because it shows your answer to each question, and will be useful if you want to review the exam during the helpers’ office hours. Mrs. J does not receive this report, so there is no way to get another copy if you do not save it yourself.Points Possible: Syllabus quiz @20 points Exams @ 65 points – 5 given, but only 4 are counted Six activities/assignments @ 15 points Community service assignment Total 20 points 260 points 90 points 30 points 400 points (100%) -4- About 65% of your final grade comes from the exams, and about 35% of your final grade comes from the rest of the class (syllabus quiz, in-class activity assignments, and the community service assignment). There will be several additional questions on each exam and we will do two 5-point â€Å"bonus† assignments to enable all students to earn some extra points.In reality, at least 25 points of extra credit will be built in to the class and are available to every student. No student will be given any other kind of extra credit—please do not ask at the end of the semester. Scale for Final Grades: *** 400 points is 100% *** 374 total points or more 354 through 373 points 334 through 353 points 314 through 333 points 294 through 313 points 274 through 293 points 254 through 273 points 253 and below 4. 0 3. 5 3. 0 2. 5 2. 0 1. 5 1. 0 0. 0 At the end of the semester, the score report total from the computer center will include all five exam scores if you have taken all five.You must then subtract your lowest exam score from the total to figure your final score for the course. It is to your advantage to take all five exams, since you cannot hurt your grade by doing so. ~~~~~~~ Michigan State University takes seriously the opini on of students in the evaluation of the effectiveness of instruction, and has implemented the SIRS (Student Instructional Rating System) process to gather student feedback. This course utilizes the â€Å"online SIRS† system. You will receive an e-mail sometime during the last two weeks of class asking you to fill out the SIRS online form at your convenience.MSU’s Thanksgiving break starts at 5 PM Wednesday 11/21. The community service assignment is due as you enter the classroom on Tuesday, 11/27. Papers turned in after 8:30 AM this day will earn no more than half credit. Chapter 8, p. 293 â€Å"Middle-Aged Marriages† to end Chapter 10, p. 370 â€Å"Parenting and Caregiving†¦.. † to end Death & dying Exam #4 Chapter 10, p. 347 â€Å"Infant Mortality† to p. 349 â€Å"Giving Birth† Over all information since Exam #3 Make-up assignments for any time during the last two weeks are due as you enter the classroom today. No make-ups will be acc epted after 8:30 AM this date. Fri. 12/14 Final Exam – OPTIONAL 7:45 to 9:45 AM Same room where class meets. We will be ready to start early at 7:30 AM. The final exam is comprehensive, over all information since the beginning of the semester. Please do not ask to take the final exam early. The University sets the final exam schedule and exceptions are made by a University committee, not by the instructor. If you will want to take this final exam to try to improve your grade, do not plan to leave campus before exam week is over unless you can come back Friday morning to take the exam. HDFS 145 Community Service Assignment InstructionsMost of our students have found a real sense of satisfaction and fulfillment in this assignment. You are to find a service opportunity at a program, agency or organization where you can do something meaningful for your community. You will then write a â€Å"reflection† paper about your experience. You may find your own service opportunity or ask for help at the MSU Center for Service Learning and Civic Engagement in the Student Services Building. The Center has over 300 registered agencies and programs in the local area where students are welcome for community service.Their website is: http://www. servicelearning. msu. edu/ however, most students find going to the Center is preferable to trying to navigate the website. Your work must be done between the first day of class and the first day back after Thanksgiving break (Tuesday, November 27). Acceptable assignments turned in before 8:30 AM on Tuesday, October 2, will earn five bonus points. Community service you might have done previously (for example, as part of your high school graduation requirements) is not acceptable.The purpose of this assignment is to do something to benefit your community, not just to volunteer. A service assignment for another class (for example, an ISS class or HDFS 270) or for your athletic team may not be appropriate for this class, altho ugh if the service meets our requirements, you may use it. If you are unsure about the service opportunity you are considering, please e-mail Mrs. J before you spend time doing something that will not be acceptable. We do not want you to lost points on this assignment because you did not meet the requirements.A few examples of unacceptable assignments: directing traffic for the Homecoming parade; decorating a church Christmas tree; speaking to students at your former high school about your life in college; helping at your aunt’s daycare; helping coach at an athletic competition of your former high school or club athletic team A few examples of acceptable assignments: participating in or passing out water to runners in a 5K run to benefit cancer research; cleaning cages at an animal shelter; tutoring elementary students in math or reading; sorting and packing food at the MSU Food Pantry; helping prepare and serve a meal at a homeless shelter; being a â€Å"running buddy† at a Special Olympics track meet To prove your service, print and take with you the Community Service Assignment form on ANGEL, and ask whoever supervises your work to fill it out and to sign it.This will be the first part of the â€Å"proof† of service you turn in to receive points for this assignment. The second part is a reflection paper you will write (one page, size ten font, double-spaced, name and PID in top right corner) explaining your service and reflecting on your feelings about helping your community. Service required is a minimum of four hours. Students who work less time will not earn full points. If your program, agency or organization cannot use you for four hours at one time, you may do two sessions of service or you may work at two different places. In the second case, you should fill out a form for each service opportunity, but you need to write only one paper (turn all pages in at the same time, please).You may not earn extra points for this assignment b y working extra hours, however, you may earn five extra points by turning in the assignment by 8:30 AM on Tuesday, October 2. If you want to wait and do your service in your home community over the Thanksgiving break, you might want to check with Mrs. J first to be sure the agency, program or organization you are considering will meet the requirements for the assignment. We recommend that you set up your service before you go home. Don’t wait until you get home to look for something to do! When you turn in your assignment to one of the helpers, you will be asked to fill out a special scantron. Community Service Assignments will be graded by the end of the semester, and the scantrons will be run at the same time scantrons for the fourth exam are run.

The Lesson

The story â€Å"The Lesson,† by Toni Cade Bambara, is about a young girl named Sylvia who is accompanied by a group of her friends from her neighborhood and her elderly neighbor named Ms. Moore, who tries to teach all of them a lesson about life. â€Å"The Lesson† is a realistic story that takes place in the mid-20th century that exemplifies the true difference between upper and lower classes during that time period. Although Sylvia might come off as a mean and cocky little girl, you can tell at the end that there is something deeper to Sylvia when she begins to reflect on her ay with Ms.Moore and actually seems to gain something out of the situation and you can tell Just how much sharp of an observer she truly is. Throughout the entire story, it is clearly shown that Sylvia is a mean girl. Right when Ms. Moore is introduced at the beginning of the story, Sylvia describes how she feels about her. â€Å"And we kinda hated her† (Bambara 60). She also says, â€Å"A nd I'm really hating this nappy head bitch† (Bambara 60). Although Ms. Moore is doing the children all a favor, Sylvia doesn't seem to care and doesn't even want to give her a chance.Another example for when Sylvia shows Just how mean she could be is right when she starts talking to Ms. Moore with all the other kids about money and about them going to the toy store, Sylvia mentions other things that she would rather be doing instead. â€Å"And would much rather snatch Sugar and go to the Sunset and terrorize the West Indian kids and take their hair ribbons and their money too† (Bambara 61). Not only does Sylvia come across as a rude little girl towards her peers and to the people she actually knows, but to other random children.She comes off as the neighborhood bully. Additional proof to show Just how mean Sylvia can be is when she asks Ms. Moore why she brought all of them to the toy store. Ms. Moore just simply tells Sylvia that she sounds angry and wonders why she is mad. â€Å"I'm mad, but I won't give her the satisfaction† (Bambara 64). Even when Ms. Moore Just tries to see what is bothering Sylvia, she has an attitude. Although it was Just a simple question, and Ms. Moore didn't mean it in a mean way, Sylvia still has to come off as this rude little girl.Even at the very beginning of â€Å"The Lesson,† you can already tell that Sylvia is a very ocky person. The author opens up the story showing a clear view of Just how cocky Sylvia can be. â€Å"Everyone was old and stupid or young and foolish and me and Sugar were the only ones Just right† (Bambara 60). Sylvia is implying that when it comes to her friends and everyone else she is surrounded by, she is ultimately better than them all. Sylvia's close minded cocky attitude is also shown when Ms.Moore is discussing money with the children. Sylvia acts as if she knows everything and Ms. Moore is ignorant for even bringing up such a simple subject about how money works. And M iss Moore asking us if we know what money is, like, a bunch of retards† (Bambara 60). Considering Ms. Moore is trying to do the young children a the way of her retaining the true value out of what Ms. Moore has to say. More proof to show Just how cocky Sylvia is, is at the very end of the story. After the day is done with Ms.Moore, the children decide they are going to go to Hascombs and get cream soda's. Sylvia's cousin, Sugar asks her if she would like the race down there. â€Å"She can run if she want to and even run faster. But ain't nobody gonna beat me at nuthin† (Bambara 65). Considering everything she had Just gone through and getting a reality check about life, Sylvia is still so convinced that she is the best. This shows just how much confidence she truly has in herself but at the same time her high level of confidence is easily mistaken for cockiness.Although Sylvia's attitude often gets the best of her and she seems to be Just a rude little girl, at the very end of the story you can tell that there is much more to her than you might think. You can get a better understanding of Just how sharp of a girl she truly is after the day with Ms. Moore comes to an end. When the children all decide to go get cream soda's at Hascomb's, Sylvia decides to not Join in with the rest of them. You can tell she has a lot going through her mind after getting a taste of reality by Ms. Moore. I'm going to the West End and then over to the Drive to think this day through† (Bambara 65).You can assume that although Sylvia is too stubborn to admit that she has actually gotten something out of that day, she keeps to herself and decides to reflect on what she had been introduced. Another time that Sylvia seems to let her guard down and kind of shows how she is observant to her urroundings is when she is about to walk into the toy store. She doesn't understand what the big deal is about going inside but at the same time she Just doesn't feel comfortable abou t going in. But I feel funny, shame† (Bambara 63). At this point Sylvia begins to realize that there is something to this trip to the toy store. For a second she doesn't feel as cocky and is almost insecure with herself to where she can't bring herself enough courage to Just walk into the toy store. It seems that Ms. Moore's lesson does actually affect Sylvia in the long run. She ets her mean, cocky demeanor down Just long enough to show the reader that she actually did get something out of that day.Considering the fact that she does only have that brief second of where you see her whole attitude change, you can understand Just how set in her ways she truly is. From coming off as a rude little girl throughout the entire story and then all of a sudden for that short time you get to see her actually take what she saw into consideration, you can get a better idea that there is more to Sylvia than what is illustrated to the reader throughout the duration of the story.

To what extent can knowledge of tumour associated antigens be useful Essay - 1

To what extent can knowledge of tumour associated antigens be useful in the management of cancer patients Illustrate your answe - Essay Example The antigens are expressed in different categories depending on the gene mutation of proteins in the Tumour cells. These categories define the classes of tumour-Associated antigens, which are Unique Tumour Antigens, Cancer Testis Antigens, Differentiation Antigens, and over expressed Antigens in relation to T-cells antigens in cancer (Gires & Seliger 2009). Unique Tumour Antigens are specific antigens in the tumour cells recognized by CD4 + and CD8+ T cells as a result of gene mutation and fusion of proteins (Gires & Seliger 2009). These tumour antigens have specific expressions to the tumour cells from which the proteins are altered thus only a few are shared in different T-cells. Unlike Unique Tumour Antigens, Cancer Testis antigens go through additional mutations that bring about a restricted expression on cancer cells. These antigens encompasses a group of antigens recognized by CD4 + and CD8+ T cells and they are basically antibody target (Gires & Seliger 2009). Differentiation Antigens are characterized by malignant cells associated with cluster differentiation that are not particularly tumour related. They are directed towards specific antibodies in the same lineage rather than normal body cells (Gires & Seliger 2009). ... e, Cytotoxic T-cells detect antigens on Tumour cells, which can lead to cell damage when Cytotoxic T-cells secrets negative cytokines that destroys normal cells (Crowley 2011). Immunotherapy uses the same kind of approach since it kills small metastatic cells hence creating adaptive immunity when the antigens get to the body (Miermont 2008). Antigen- specific T- cells are introduced in the body through vaccines where Lymphocytes create a hormonal immune response by being activated to eliminate Tumour Associated antigens immediately they recognize invading antigens (Nagorsen & Marincola 2005). Tumour- Associated Antigens are helpful when it comes to human cancer management. The importance of these types of antigens is dependent on the type of cancer and the level in which it has been realized. It has been realized that tumour associated antigens are very attractive diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to human cancer (UICC 2003). When applied especially when the cancer symptoms are n ot conspicuous, it can assist in revealing the areas affected by cancer cells. For example, Hodge, Grosenbach & Schlom (2002), expresses an experiment where they introduce vectors (antigens) in the body of a patient in form of a vaccine. These experiments are done using different antigens as a source of signal. The introduction of the antigens helped create immunity since it identified the specific areas affected. With introduction of antigens in different capacities, the immunity went on growing with each vaccine administered. According to Kumar (2012), cancer can be successfully treated by a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and immunotherapy. Having knowledge about tumour-associated antigens can assist a patient to know the right combination for his particular

Project Procurement1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Procurement1 - Essay Example In reality it is not as simple as it seems because the choice can rotate from small matters such as if a company makes turbine generators they might have to consider either to set up ball bearing manufacturing machine with in their business premises or should they simply purchase it from outside or for instance a car manufacturing company might consider making a engine or purchasing it from outside resources. The buy or make decision does not only pertain in manufacturing companies but it is also found excessively in outsourcing companies for instance a data processing company will think if they should hire data entry employees or give them out to specialized service providers (Probert, 1997). Till the twentieth century many of the companies were manufacturing all their components in house. While some companies like Ford Motor Company was not only extracting the iron ore from their own plant but was also fabricating the equipment needed to assemble the car on the other hand Toyota had started purchasing three fourth of their entire raw material from the suppliers and were only focusing on assembling the car parts together. As years passed the trend of purchasing from outside resources has become more and more common. The trend is more common amongst the service businesses such as fleet management, billing and collection, fleet management and man power recruitment. The Business Process Outsourcing has become extremely popular. The companies are now outsourcing their entire value chain to other companies both locally and outside the boundaries of the county. The best example of outsourcing would be the IT outsourcing industry which has grown from 131 billion to $ 160 billio n in 2006 (Mahadevan, 2008). Whether to buy or whether to manufacture is a question that is always on the minds of the procurement team. There are various issues that are associated with the buy or make decision making such as firstly the team has to decide whether

The wrongs of Obama Care Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The wrongs of Obama Care - Research Paper Example es to develop as they tend to have a lesser margin of profit and does not have extra costs compared to large businesses.4 Under these conditions, it can be implied that such act as the Obamacare could only generate a negative impact towards the health care system and it even makes erroneous government programs towards the workers employed in small businesses that do not support health insurance. Similarly, Nina Bernstein of the New York Times reported that the Affordable Care Act establishes state exchanges in reducing the cost of commercial health insurance, however, it needs a proof of citizenship or legal immigration status by the immigrants in order to â€Å"take part and apply for Medicaid benefits† provided under the law.5 This essay seeks to discuss and analyze the essential components characterized by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), or Obamacare as recognized by most people. These features include funding, regulation, taxing, and individual mand ate, wherein President Obama himself considers such legislation to be favorable and beneficial to the US economy. 2.0 Funding In one of the latest news concerning Obamacare, John Fund reported that the plan to cut $200 billion from Medicare Advantage and use the money in subsidizing the coverage of expansion to millions of Americans uninsured in the government’s program for the poor, or Medicaid is one of the misleading falsehood or deceptions of Obamacare, wherein such deception remains to be concealed as the US presidential election is fast approaching.6 Accordingly, the administration also plans to direct an approximately $8.3 billion to the Medicare Advantage, which according to the news, is sufficient to compensate about 71 percent of the cuts intended for the program this year and until 2014. However, California Representative, Darrell Issa says that the attempt to direct $8.3 billion into the Medicare Advantage is the primary reason to hide the possible trouble of havi ng a $200-billion cut, and the so-called â€Å"demonstration project,† as Representative Issa noted, is a â€Å"political fiction† that can be used in buying the votes of the electorate in this year’s upcoming election.7 Unfortunately, the probabilities of implementing Obamacare and be legally enforced into the health care system will eventually compel the seniors to retract to the traditional system of Medicare at an expense greater than the current one, and in the long run, this could spur doubts on President Obama’s statement that under such law, anyone who supports his program on health insurance are capable of sustaining it.8 As provided under section 1311-1313 of the Act,9